Method of operating oil engines and improved oil engines



' I 1,618,229 Feb. 22,1927. Q RYDER METHOD OF OPERATING OIL ENGINES ANDIMPROVED OIL ENGINE Filed Oct- 2]... 192] l0 l 3/ 2/ I a M -50 I Q v I?q N i 1 I up lNVENTOR W /JI ATTORNEYS.

of the piston 26 has passed above the bottom of the projection 31. Ascan be seen from the graph in Fig: 2, I prefer not to force in the fueluntil veryinear the end'of the compression stroke. I prefer to have theannular top of the piston pass above the bottom of the projection 31when the crank to which the said piston is connected is inclined about40 to the vertical. .It is obvious that the. air in the annularcompression space between. the projection 31 and the wall of thecylinder will be more highly compressed than the air in the com-'bustion chamber, as the piston 26 continues to the end of thecompression stroke.

Hence, the air will be forced into the combustion' chamber under.considerable prcssure through the narrow clearance between theprojection 31; and fthe annular top of the piston and this airwillenterin the form of a-strong narrow annular blast which will spreadout inwardly, t-his eifect being assisted by the curved contour of thebase of the recess in the piston. In addition, since the entering blastof compressed air impinges upon the piston which is moving in theopposite direction, the agitating effect in the combustion chamber willbeincreased so that a very powerful agitation is produced.

It will be noted .that th'e oil inlet 14 is inclined to the axis of thecylinder andto the adjacentpart ofthe head of the piston so that thedrops of oil tend to travel to the right and to meet the blast of aircoming from the right hand side of the compression chamber. It isbelieved that the annular current of air spreads inwardly along thepiston head until the center of the piston head is reached and the;.saidcurrent of air then ascends so that the air in the combustion chamber ispowerfully agitated in closed paths while the oil is being injected.

- ton stroke 11' inches.

The projection 31 may be shortened to about inch but it is desirable notto make said projection too long. 'The annular piston projection becomesintensely hot because it isa relatively narrow ring. This.

annular projection cannot be cooled by a piston water jacket and theheat in the narably Withoutthe use'of air,

the adj ah row piston top cannot be efficiently conducted tothe broadbase of the piston because the piston top is only about an inch thick.Hence the only cooling effect on the piston top is that exerted by theadjacent cylinder wall, which is cooled by the water jacket4. The plstonrings at the top of the piston are useful'because they contact with "thecooled cylinder wall and thus conduct the heat of the piston thereto.However, if the annular piston end is made too long, thetem'peraturethereof risesto' such an extent, and the piston rings expand so much,that the piston rings tend to" stick in the'cylinder, thus causing lossof powerand other seriousdisadvantages.

The enginefis preferably operated atabout 350 revolutions per minuteunder normal load andat a compression of about 350 lbs, per square inch.Of fcourse, the com- I press'ion depends upon the type of fuel used.

The indicator graph shows that the ignition of the fuelis substantiallyan explosion which may take place as the fuel is injected, shortlybefore the compression stroke is completed' When the fuel is injected,preferinto the compressed and rapidly agitated air in the combustionchamber, it is believed that the lighter constituents of the'fueligni'te iminediately, causing K a very rapid combustion of theheavy constituents of the fuel.

. I have describeda preferred embodiment ofmy invention, but it is clearthat numerous changes and omissions could be made without departing fromits spirit.

What I claim is:

1. An internal combustion engine having a substantially cylindricalprojection in the head of the cylinder thereof, said engine having apiston provided with a recess into whichsaid cylinder projection canenter, the topof the piston beingof substantially ani nular shape andbeing adapted to enter the annular cylinder space between the wall ofthe cylinder and the annular projection thereof, the parts being sodimensioned that when the said piston is moved inwardly upon itscompression stroke" the air in said annular cylinder space is compressedto a igherxpressurethan the air located in the recess'of the piston,said recess constituting a combustion chamber into whicha powerfulannular current of air'is .forced from said annular cylinder spaceduring aportion of the inner stroke of the piston, said combustionchamber having a fuel inlet communicatingdirectly therewith and hav ingan air inlet therein.

2. A vided with an inward projection in the head thereof formin of thecombustion chamber, said projection being spaced from the cylinder wallto form a compression space intermediatesaid pro.-

make positive n oil engine having a cylinder pro-- a portion of the wallIll) ' jection and the cylinder wall, said combustion chamber havingfuel and air inlets communicating therewith, the piston having an endpart adapted to fit closely but with a clearance against a correspondingportion of said projection and to enter said compression space beforethe end of the compression stroke, whereby air is forced from saidcompression space at the end of the compression stroke between theclosely fit ting corresponding portions of said projection and of saidpiston end part, said piston end part having a piston ring adapted toenter said compression space at the end of the stroke and to pass abovethe bottom ofthe said corresponding portion of said projection.

3. An internal combustion engine having a cylinder provided with aninward projection in the head thereof forming part of the wall of thecombustion chamber. said projection being spaced from the cylinder wallto form a compression space. said (0111- bustion chamber having fuel andair inlets communicating therewith, the piston having a recessed annularend adapted to enter said compression space to force air continuouslytherefrom into said combustion chamber, the height of said projectionbeing less than substantially twenty-two percent (22%) of the interiordiameter of the cylinder, the inner wall of said annular end having aclearance with respect to the projection of said cylinder so that theair intermediate said projection and the cylinder wall can be forcedthrou h said clearance into the recessed end 0 the piston at the end ofthe compression stroke.

4. An oil engine having" a substantially cylindrical projection in thehead thereof, said engine having a piston provided with an annular endthe base of which is of concave contour forming a recess in said iston,the annular end of said piston being a apted to enter the annularcylinder space between the Wall of the cylinder and the annular pro-'ection thereof, said cylinder head having an oil inlet therein inclinedto the axis of movement of the piston, the parts being so dimensionedthat when the'said piston is'moved inwardly upon its compression stroke,the

air in saidannular cylinder space is compressed to a hlgher pressurethan the, air located in the iston, said recess constitut- 'ing acombustion chamber into which a powerful annular current of air isforced from said annular cylinder space during a portion of the innerstroke of the piston, said annular current 0% air being deflected by theconcave end of said iston space to the center of the piston, w ereby theinclined jet of oil is forced into a violently agitated body of air.

In testimony whereof I hereunto aflix my signature.

CHARLES RYDER.

